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公共英语

河南专升本英语语法—— 主谓一致
发布时间:2020-09-28 09:45:10 来源:天任专升本

 主谓一致

 
在英语中,句子的主语和谓语在人称和数上必须做到一致。下面是主谓一致的一些主要规则:
 
1、单词本身以-s 结尾的某些名词作主语时,主谓一致的关系如下:
  1. 学科名称:以-s 结尾的科学名词如 physics ,mathematics (maths) ,politics, economics(经济学)等作主语时,如果看作一门学科,谓语动词用单数,如果不是指一门学科,而是指其它含义,谓语动词可用复数。
如:
Politics is taught in our school. 我们学校教政治。
Economics is an important subject. 经济学是一门重要的学科。
  1. 某些专有名词:以- s 结尾的某些专有名词如 the United States, the United Nations 等作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
如:The United states is in North America.
  1. 以-s 结尾的词如 news, means , works 等词作主语时,谓语用单数,但如果 means,works 指复数意义时, 谓语用复数。
如:A chemical works is being built now.
Two chemical works have been built in my hometown.
4) 由成双,成双部分构成的器具及衣物等作主语时,谓语用复数。若前边有 a pair of … 或 a suit of …等词来修饰时,谓语动词用单数。如:The clothes were made by herself.
常见这样的词有:trousers, glasses, scissors  (剪刀),tongs(钳子)等。
 
2、用 and 连接的两个名词作主语:
  1. 用 and 并列两个单数名词,构成复数主语时,谓语动词用复数。
He and Tom are students .
  1. 用 and 连接两个单数名词在意义上指同一个人,物或概念时,谓语动词使用单数。
The worker and writer is coming to our school.
  1. 用 and 连接两个物质名词作主语时,若看作一种混合体时,谓语用单数。 如:
Much mud and sand has been washed away by the flood.
若看作两种不同物质时,谓语用复数。如:
Water and air are what we must need.
  1. 用 and 连接的两个名词,如果表示两个部件构成的物品组成一副用具时,谓语应使用单数。如:A knife and fork is very useful for a foreigner.
 
3、集合名词的主谓一致:
集合名词如:family,team,class,group ,government ,court, committee, population, audience 等词作主语时,若看作整体时用单数谓语,若看作个体时用复数谓语。
如:
The family is a large one.
The family are all music lovers.
 
4the+adj 或分词作主语时,若指一类人,谓语用复数,若指抽象的含义时,谓语动词用单数。如:
The blind usually trust their sense of touch.
The good is beautiful, but the beautiful is not always good.

 
 
5、由连词 or ;either… or…;neither…nor…;not only …but also…等词后边的名词或代词保持一致。如:
You or he is to blame. Either you or I am right. 但疑问句与前边一致。
如:Are either you or he right?
 
6主语+but / except / besides/ as well as / in addition to / including / with +其它名词或代词时谓语动词与前边的主语一致。
如:No one but Tom and John likes the topic.
 
7表示时间重量长度价值的复数名词作主语若看作整体时,谓语用单数。 如:Three years is a long time.
但如果强调具体多少年时,谓语用复数。 如:
Three years have passed.
 
8 each…and each… every…and every no…and no…many a …and many a 等并列单数名词作主语时,谓语用单数。
如:Every teacher and every student is working hard.
 
9、被 each every 限定的词作主语时,谓语用单数。如:Every student is working hard.
但 each 若作主语的同位语时,或于句尾作状语时,不影响主语的数。 如:
They each have an English dictionary . They were given an English book, each.
 
10、在定语从句中,关系代词作主语时,谓语与先行词一致。 如:
He is one of the students who have passed the exam.
但如果在 one 前若有 the 或 the only 修饰时,谓语用单数。如:
He is the only one of the students who has passed the exam.
 
11、当 more than one many a 引导主语时,谓语用单数。如:Many a student is going there.
 
12、there be 句型中,若有几个主语并列时,谓语用复数或同与 there be 最近的主语一致。注:一般采取就近原则。 如:
There is a book, a pen and some books on the desk. There is a book and two pens on the desk .
There are two pens and a book on the desk .
 
13、不定代词的主谓一致。
不定代词如 everything nothing ,no one ,everyone, someone 等作主语时谓语用单数。none 作主语时,

谓语可用复数(或单数=no one 的含义)。当 either 或 neither 作主语时谓语常用单数(在非正式文体,口语中有时用复数);当 some; all; most the rest of …作主语时,根据意义来确定。
如:
All are there . All is clear.
 
14 除算式中,谓语常用单数,但在非正式文体中也有用复数的情况。 如:Two plus two is four. (plus ,minus ,times,divided by 相当于介词用 )
 
15、分数(百分数)+of +名词作主语时,谓语动词根据情况来确定。如:
One third of the apple is rotten.
One third of the apples are green ones.
 
16、不定式,动名词,从句作主语时,谓语常用单数。但 what 人句则根据情况确定。 如:
What we need here is an English teacher. What we need here are two English teachers.

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